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| 宾语从句要点精析 | |||||
作者：佚名 文章来源：不详 点击数： 更新时间：2008-1-4  |
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一、宾语从句是复合句的一种，在句子中主要用来作动词或介词的宾语，它不仅是初三英语的教学重点之一，而且是历年来中考的考点之一，因此，笔者将其归纳为以下要点，供同学们理解记忆。宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；
主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；
陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
解析：1.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：
I know that he'll come back in an hour.
Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?
Could you tell me when he was born?
2.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：
He said that he would go to Beijing.
I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.
She told me she was born in 1985.
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：
He said that the earth moves round the sun.
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
Jim said that time is life.
3.陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略；一般疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用if/whether;
特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。例如：
He'll leave a message on the desk. He says...
→He says that he'll leave a message on the desk.
Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know...
→Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.
How much does it cost to fly to Hainan? Could you tell me...
→Could you tell me how much it costs to fly to Hainan?
二、特殊性：
A：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。例如：
When do you think he'll come back?
How many times do you think he has seen the film?
Who do you think Tom is waiting for?
B:当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等时，而且主句的主语是第一人称时，反意疑问句要和从句保持一致，并且要注意否定的转移。例如：
I think he'll come back soon, won't he?
I don't think he'll come back soon，will he?
三、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, agree, choose, decide等带宾语从句时，而且主从句的主语一致时，这时从句可以简化成不定式结构。例如：
We hope that we shall see you soon.
→We hope to see you soon.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
I don't know which sweater I should buy.
→I don't know which sweater to buy.
He can't decide where he is going.
→He can't decide where to go.
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the park?
→Could you tell me how to get to the park?
Please teach him how he should learn English well.
→Please teach him how to learn English well.
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