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| 倒装语序小结 | |||||
作者：佚名 文章来源：不详 点击数： 更新时间：2008-1-24  |
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倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。 一、由there, here 或now 等引起，谓语为come（或go）的句子，例如： There comes the bus! There goes the bell! Here comes Mary! Now comes your turn. 注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，例如： There he comes! Here she comes! 二、由then 引起，谓语为come（或 follow）的句子， Then came a new difficulty. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 三、由here（或there）引导，谓语为be的句子 Here is China’s largest tropical forest. Here are some picture-books. 注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序， Here you are. / Here we are. / Here it is 四、由so引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如： Society has changed and so have the people in it. He plays the violin quite well. So does my sister. 如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管so用开头，语序也不要倒装 --It was cold yesterday.–-So it was! 五、由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说 的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子， -- I won’t do such a thing. –-Neither / Nor will I. -- I haven’t done my homework. –- Neither / Nor have I. If you don’t go, neither will I. I didn’t read the notice, nor did he. 六、在if引导的非真实条件句中，如有助动词had, should或were时，可以省略if，进行倒装， Had I come five minutes earlier, I would have met the famous scientist. (If I had come five minutes …) Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I ten years younger, I would with you. Should you change your mind, let us know. 七、out, in, up, down, away等副词放在主语前,主谓倒装 Up flew the red balloon. Out rushed a policeman from among the crowd. 注：如果主语是一个人称代词，谓语仍放在后面，如： Away they went./ Down it flew. / Up it went.当as引导让步状语从句时，把表语提到前面来, 用“形容词（或副词、名词+ as +主语+谓语”这种形式 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Tired as he was, he continued to work. Hard as I work, I can’t catch up with you. Much as we like the place, we can’t stay here. 九、当always, often, many a time等词放在句首时，后面常用倒装语序，如： Always did he come to help us. Often did we warn them not to do so. Many a time did he go swimming in the river. 注：上述所说的词不放在句首，不用倒装语序。 十、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其后面的主语部分要进行倒装，如： Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only once did his father discuss his future with him. Only yesterday did I realize what was going on. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save China. 十一、含有否定意义副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时，常用倒装语序 not, never, hardly, seldom, little, rarely scarcely, not until, not only…but also…, neither…nor… no sooner…than…, hardly…when …, scarcely…when Never shall I forget the day. Not until I began to work did I realize Ihad wasted much time. Not only did he read the book, but also he remembered what he had read. No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill. Hardly / Scarcely had he arrived when he fell ill. 注：上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首，句子不必用倒装语序。另外，not only…but also连接两个主语时, 不用倒装，如：Not only the students, but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 十二、当so（或such）…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时，要采取倒装语序，如： So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. So hard does he study that he is the best in the class. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars. 注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序， Such was the result. Such were her words. Such was the story he told. 十三、在下列结构中也常用倒装语序： In front of them stood a great castle. On the bed lay a sick old man. Under the tree sat an old man. Seated on the ground are some young men. Lying on the floor was a boy. 典型例题： 1. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 2. — Do you know Tom bought a new car? — I don't know, _______. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 典型例题 1.— Why can't I smoke here? — At no time _______ in the meeting-room. A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 2. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know 典型例题 No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. |
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