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限定性定语从句：
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种类 |
先行词 |
关联词 |
例句 |
说明 |
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定
语
从
句 |
（人）在从句中做主语或宾语
物
在从句中做主语或宾语
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who
which
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This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .
这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you .
她就是我要介绍给你的新学生
Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.
请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.
汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?
你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？ |
who在从句中做主语
whom在从句中做宾语，口语中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whom
which在从句中做主语。
which充当宾语时可以省去。
which做介词宾语不可省
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种类 |
先行词 |
关联词 |
例 句 |
说 明 |
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定
语
从
句 |
人
或
物
的 |
whose |
The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams
那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。
The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr. Williams.
The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired |
whose在从句中做定语
指某人的也可以用…of whom代替whose
指物时也可以用…of which 代替 whose
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人
或 |
that |
The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.
正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
I’d like to see the films that are just on show.
我想看那些刚上映的电影。 |
that指人做主语
that指物做主语 |
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种类 |
先行词 |
关联词 |
例 句 |
说 明 |
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物
all, little much和some,any every ,no 构成的合成代词
人
或
物 |
that
that
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They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.
他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。
I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .
我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？
I’ve brought everything (that )you need.
我把你需要的东西都拿来了。
This is the best film that I have seen .
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing Library.
我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆 |
先行词分别表示人和物，关系代词要用that，不用who或which
先行词表示物，关系代词用that不用which, 在从句中做宾语可省去 。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that或who (whom)
均可
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。 |
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定
语
从
句 |
人
或
物 |
that |
He is the only person that is believable.
他是唯一可靠的人。
John is the very person that she wants to see.
约翰正是她要见的人。
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?
正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？
Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?
你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。 |
先行词被the only, the very,the same 等修饰时用关系代词that.
当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用that |
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时
间 |
when |
He came at a time when we. needed him most.他在我们最需要的时候来了。
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 |
在定语从句中作时间状语 |
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注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next tim很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。
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地点 |
where |
This is the room where he put up for the night.
这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。 |
在定语从句中作地点状语 |
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原因
理由 |
why |
I know the reason why she studies so well .
我知道她学习好的原因。 |
在定语从句中作原因状语 |
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