英语语法复习－名词

一、名词

1．   名词：个体名词和集体名词一般为可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，只有单数形式没有复数形式。

2．   名词复数形式的构成：（规则动词）

以s, x, ch, sh结尾物名词加es 。如：class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes等。

以辅音加y结尾的名词，去掉y加ies。如：family→famies。

以元音加y结尾的名词，加s，如。boy→boys, toy→toys.

以f及fe结尾的名词，去掉f或fe，加ves。如：leaf→leaves knife→knives, wife→wives.

以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，一般加es。如：potatoes，但piano, photo的复数形式只

加s。

以元音字母加o结尾的名词，加s，如：zoos, radios。

做以下各题：

school         classmate         classroom        desk        pen       

book        row         door        computer        student       

thing        soldier        vegetable        hand        assistant       

teacher        table        ruler        husband         cat         

dog        pioneer         skirt         sweater        raincoat       

college        village         plate         place        mistake       

software         result        circle        class        zoo       

pencil-box        bus         watch        dress         address       

glass        grass        fox         sandwich         

baby        family        diary        city        wife         leaf         

shelf         knife         life       

3．   不规则动词靠自己死记硬背（完成习题，请给出它们的复数形式）

woman        man         foot        tooth        child       

fish        sheep        people         Chinese        policeman          

policewoman              deer        Japanese           

像clothes, trousers, shoes, socks 永远是以复数出现的。

4．   不可数名词没有复数形式，如果要表示感谢复数时，可以把量词变为复数形式，如：two of meat 两块肉。

二、名词的所有格

1．   表示有生命的东西的所有格。

 ⑴单数名词加’s 。如：girl → the girl’s bag

⑵不是以s结尾的复数名词加 ’s 。如：children→the children’s day, women→the women’s son, men→ the men’s book等。

⑶以s结尾的复数名词只加，如：teachers’book

⑷并列名词各自的所有格，每个名词后都要加’s，如：

Jack’s and Jim’s room      Jack 的房间和Jim 的房间

Jack and Jim’s room  Jack和Jim两个人的房间

2．   有些表示时间，距离，空间，重量，价格的名词，也可以用加来构成所有格。如：yesterday’s newspaper昨天的报纸  five minutes’ walk五分钟的路程

3．   表示无生命的名词的所有格，要有构成的短评来表示所有关系。

the door of the room房间的门  the foot of the hill山脚下

习题一

一、把下列句子变成复数形式

1．   He has a new car.

2．   Are you Danny’s parent?

3．   The old woman is sitting under a tall tree.

4．   I have a picture.

5．   Was she wearing a short thin white dress?

6．   This little girl has an apple in her hand.

7．   There is a desk in the room.

二、选择填空。

8．   Grass        always green in the South.

A  is          B  are           C  will be

9．   We must clean       every day.

A  our tooth    B  our teeth       C our tooths

10．The       reading-room is near the classroom building.

A student’s      B students’s       C students’

11．        a lot of meat on the plate.

A There is       B There are        C There were

12．        in the village like the new teacher.

A People       B The people       C Peoples

   三、单词拼写。

1．March 8^th is the           (妇女)Day.

2. Reading in bed is bad for our            (眼).

3. Englishmen speak English. Chinese speak            (汉语).

4. The teacher too out a           (笔)and wrote down the street’s name.

四、反意疑问句。

反意疑问句有前面部分和后面部分，分两种：

① 肯定+否定

②否定+肯定

1．肯定 +否定

⑴前面部分有be, have/has, will, can 的，后面就用它们相应的否定式，即

be, have/has, will, can + not 的缩略形式，人称用代词。

例如：She is a teacher, isn’t she?

      Danny has a beautiful bag, hasn’t he?

      My mother will take me to the park tomorrow, won’t she?

      He can help his grandfather, can’t he?

⑵前面部分是一般动词V时，就要涉及到do, does, did， 及后面部分就用

do, does, did + not 的缩略形式，人称用代词。

 例如：They look the same, don’t they?

Brain wants to be a doctor, doesn’t he?

He wrote a letter for me, didn’t he?

2．否定+肯定

前面部分是否定的，则与上面相反。

例如：She isn’t a good girl, is she?

      I haven’t a ruler, have I ?

    Your brother didn’t go to school, did he?

    Jenny doesn’t like the cap, does she?

    He and she don’t buy the present, do they?

根据上述内容做以下各题：

1.          Your cat is two years,            ?

2.          Look, the girl is singing,           ?

3.          His mother isn’t having supper,          ?

4.          Mum, you like my grandfather,          ?

5.          My cousin Jenny has a big smile,          ?

6.          You can put the box on the desk,          ?

7.          She’ll read the interesting book sometime,          ?

8.          He was a worker there,        ?

9.          There were some bananas on the tree yesterday,        ?

10.       Miss Li taught us very hard,        ?

11.       The girl can’t catch up him,        ?

12.       That dog doesn’t eat anything,         ?

13.       My grandfather’s parents haven’t been dead        ?

14.       Her brother didn’t go to the factory two days ago,        ?

15.       She won’t give you the money,        ?

五、部分倒装

    部分倒装即是前面人或物所做的事，也适合后面的，而用so+(    )+人称 的部分倒装来表示，部分倒装（    ）应与相应的人称一致。

1．      前面有be, have/has, will, can的，后面也是一样的用这些词。

例如：She is a Party member, so is he.

      Mrs Liu has been an English teacher for seven years,

 so have I .

      Mary will tell you next time, so will Jack.

      Danny can read the book, so can Jenny.

2．      前面是一般动词v的，则要借助do, does, did。

例如：Brain’s grandfather feels happy, so does Brain’s grandmother.

      You study hard, so does Jenny..

      Mother leant English very well, so did I .

根据上面内容做下列各题：

1.          Mother and father are so happy, so       I .

2.          Danny was thinking in the room yesterday, so       her brother.

3.          He thanks the old the man, so         I.

4.          Li Ming gave me a big box, so        my classmate.

5.          She have written three letters, so        her sister.

6.          Mary can make a plane, so        Jim.

7.          She has supper at six o’clock, so        he.

8.          I am 13 years old, so        he.

9.          He is waiting for me, so        Jack.

10.       They were look the same, so       we.

11.       His father will pass the ball to his son, so        his mother.

12.       He puts the book into the box, so        she.

13.       I like the basketball, so        Danny.

14.       Mrs Black wants to eat much before supper, so        her husband.