 |
|
||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
 |
您现在的位置： 中小学英语站 >> 英语知识 >> 英语知识 >> 正文 |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|||||
| 聚焦中考同义句转换十二类型 | |||||
作者：佚名 文章来源：本站原创 点击数： 更新时间：2006-1-5  |
|||||
|
聚焦中考同义句转换“十二类型”（一） 同义句转换题近几年被全国各地中考英语试题广泛采用，为必考题型之一。它属于句型转换题，但要求不能改变句子意思，即依据给出的句子，通过以词、词组、句式、语法的改变及换句来改写句子，且转换前后的句意应保持一致。从某种意义上讲，同义句也就是一句多译。日常学习过程中，必须加强一句多译的总结训练，注重转换的思路和方法，提高同义句转换的能力。下面就总结归纳一下同义句转换的十二种类型： 【类型一】运用同义词或同义词组替换原句的有关部分。 【解题要领】将原句中的某些词或词组，用其同义词或同义词组进行替换改变，这是同义句转换使用最多的类型。在英语新教材中，同义词或词组的运用非常广泛，学习过程中要尽可能多地去归纳总结，以达到熟能生巧，举一反三的程度。 【精典例句】 1、他擅长绘画。 He is good at drawing．／He does well in drawing． 2、今天风很大。 There is a strong wind today．／It's very windy today． 3、明天我们将乘飞机去东京。 Tomorrow we will go to Tokyo by air．／Tomorrow we will fly to Tokyo． 4、王先生在六点钟到达了火车站。 Mr Wang reached ／got to ／arrived at the railway station at six． 5、这本书花了我10元钱。 I spent ten yuan on the book．／I paid ten yuan for the book．／The book cost me ten yuan． 【直击中考】 1．She got a letter from her penfriend last week．（2002甘肃省） She__________________ ____________________ her penfriend last week． 2．Linda likes music better than art．（2002呼和浩特市） Linda__________________ music _____________________ art． 3．They enjoyed themselves at the garden party．（2002广州市） They____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ at the garden party． 4．The Smiths teach themselves Chinese after work．（2002聊城市） The Smiths _______________ Chinese _______________ themselves after work． 【类型二】运用反义词或词组改写原句有关部分。 【解题要领】此类转换主要是通过改换主语和运用其相关词或词组的反义，进行同义转换。 【精典例句】 1、我向他借了一台电脑。 I borrowed a computer from him．／He lent a computer to me． 2、我认为数学比英语难。 I think maths is harder than English． I think English is easier than maths． 【直击中考】 5．Chinese is more popular than Japanese．（2001宁夏） Japanese is __________________ popular than Chinese． 6．The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could．（2001济南市） The runner________ to ________ with the others though he________ his ________ ． 【类型三】运用相同涵义的不同句式来表达。 【解题要领】不同的句式表达同一涵义是英语表达的显著特点。在英语新教材中，这样的句式应用得也比较广泛。如：Can I help you？／May I help you？／ What can I do for you？（我能帮你吗？）应要求学生充分掌握。 【精典例句】 1、这位画家画一匹马花费了两个钟头。 The artist spent two hours drawing a horse．／It took the artist two hours to draw a horse． 2、让我们去动物园好吗？ Shall we go to the zoo？／Let's go to the zoo，shall we？ 3、今天天气怎么样？ What's the weather like today？／How's the weather today？ 【直击中考】 7．Don't open the door， will you？（2002盐城市） Will you please _________________ the door ________________ ？ 8．How many people live in France？（2002厦门市） ________________ _________________ the population of France？ 9．We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday．（2002哈尔滨市） It ____________ ____________ twenty minutes _________ ________ the room yesterday． 聚焦中考同义句转换“十二类型”（二） 【类型四】运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换。 【解题要领】感叹句的两种句式可进行相互转换，但必须把握其句型。 1）How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！ 2）What＋a（an）＋adj．＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What＋adj．＋复数名词／不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ 【精典例句】 1．这个男孩多么善良啊！How kind the boy is！／What a kind boy he is！ 2．这首乐曲多么优美啊！How beautiful the music is！／What beautiful music it is！ 【直击中考】 10．How beautiful the park is！（2000广州市） _____________ _______________ _________________park it is！ 【类型五】运用两种时态进行改写。 【解题要领】这两种时态是针对一般过去时与现在完成时而言的。一般过去时应表述发生在过去某一时间的动作，惟此，才可能转为现在完成时，并后跟一段时间，但应特别注意动词是否属于延续性动词，如果为非延续性动词，则需将其改为延续性动词或延续性状态。这样的动词主要有：begin ／start—be on； come—be here；leave—be away（from）； buy—have；borrow—keep；die—be dead；return—be back；marry—be married；fall asleep ／go to sleep—be asleep；open—be open（adj．）；close—be closed（adj．）；catch a cold—have a cold；fallill—be ill；join the League ／Party—be in the League ／Party（be aLeague ／Party member；join the army—be in the army ／be a soldier；arrive in ／at—be in ／at；get up—be up，等等。 【精典例句】 1．他上周买了一辆新自行车。 He bought a new bike last week． He has had a new bike since last week． 2．王涛六年前参军。 Wang Tao joined the army six years ago． Wang Tao has been a soldier for six years． Wang Tao has been in the army for six years． 【直击中考】 11．The film began 20 minutes ago．（2002盐城市） The film has been ______________ ______________20 minutes． 12．Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago．（2002上海市） Sam's grandfather has been ______________ ______________ 10 years． 13．My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago．（2002福州市） My grandpa ___________ ____________ _____________the Party for thirty years． 14．I got up half an hour ago．（2002哈尔滨市） I _______________ ____________________ up for half an hour． 【类型六】运用复合句和不定式进行相互改写。 【解题要领】此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hope ／wish，be sure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构，构成不定式短语。so．．．that．．．引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enough to”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too．．．to”结构互换，也可以改为“not＋adj．／adv．＋enough to”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“so．．．that．．．”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too ＋ adj．后面加for sb． 【精典例句】 1．我希望将来某一天参观月球。 I hope that I will visit the moon some day． I hope to visit the moon some day． 2．他向我显示如何使用电脑。 He showed me how he used a computer． He showed me how to use a computer． 3．这屋子这么大，能容纳1000人。 The room is so large that it can hold 1，000 people． The room is large enough to hold 1，000 people． 4．他年纪太小，不能上学。 He is so young that he can't go to school． He is too young to go to school． He isn't old enough to go to school． 【直击中考】 15．They can hardly decide what they will do next．（2000济南市） _____________ _____________ for them to decide what ____________ _________ next. 16．The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well．（2002济南市） The foreigners want to know _____________ _____________ learn Chinese Kongfu well． 17．He is too young to go to school．（2002上海徐汇区） He isn't _______________ ________________ to go to school． 18．She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby．（2002辽宁省） She was________________ weak _______________ take care of her baby 聚焦中考同义句转换“十二类型”（三） ［类型七］运用介词短语改写。 ［解题要领］英语中的介词短语，诸如at the age of，without，instead of，with the help of，thanks to，be in， be satisfied with等，可与一些复合结构进行转换，这类结构主要是并列句或两个句子，由连词and、but、when等连接。 ［精典例句］ 1. 她八岁时就学习英语了。 She began to learn English when she was eight． At the age of eight，she began to learn English． 2．明天我们将去野餐。我们不去看电影。 We will go for a picnic tomorrow．We won't see a film． We will go for a picnic instead of seeing a film tomorrow． ［直击中考］ 19．He began to learn how to use a computer when he was five years old．（2000广州市） He began to learn how to use a computer_______ _______ ________ ________ ________. 20．The heavy traffic stopped them from getting to school in time．（2000成都市） _____________ _____________ the heavy traffic they ________ ________ for school． ［类型八］运用被动语态进行改写。 ［解题要领］通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，在转换过程中，掌握被动语态的构成是最为关键的。学习被动语态应与时间紧密结合，根据时态，来确定被动语态的谓语部分。另外，还需充分把握含有情态动词的被动语态的结构，即“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”。 ［精典例句］ 1.许多人讲英语。 Many people speak English．／English is spoken by many people． 2.我们应该经常给花浇水。 We should regularly water flowers． Flowers should be watered regularly． ［直击中考］ 21．It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today．（2002辽宁省） Computers __________________ widely __________________ in the world today． 22．We must keep the noise level under 50dbs（分贝）．（2002上海市） The noise level must _________________ _________________ under 50dbs． ［类型九］运用并列连词（组）改写。 ［解题要领］运用并列连词（组） both．．．and，neither．．．nor，either．．．or， not only．．．but also，as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，而且要把握neither．．．nor，either．．．or，not only．．．but also采取就近原则。 ［精典例句］ 1你会讲法语。我也会讲法语。 You can speak French．I can speak French，too． Both you and I can speak French． 2．她没有去过日本。我也没有去过日本。 She hasn't been to Japan．I haven't been to Japan，either． Neither she nor I have been to Japan． ［直击中考］ 23．Wei Hua may be on the team，or Ann may．（2000辽宁省） _________________ Wei Hua _________________ Ann may be on the team． 24．Alice is a film star．Sarah is a film star，too．（2001新疆） __________________ Alice__________________ Sarah are film stars． 25．Lucy can't sing the English song Yesterday Once More．And Lily can't sing it，either．（2002北京东城区） Lucy Lily can’t sing the English song Yesterday Once More． _____________ can Lily. ［类型十］运用“so＋动词＋主语”和“neither／nor ＋动词＋主语”结构进行改写。 ［解题要领］“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人（物）也如此”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况，同样也适合另一个人或物。显然，上下句主语不同。转换时应注意四点：1）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4）表示否定时，neither ／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。 ［精典例句］ 1.吉姆准时完成了这项工作。约翰也准时完成了这项工作。 Jim finished the work on time．John finished it on time，too． Jim finished the work on time，so did John． 2. 今天早上她没吃东西。我也没吃东西。 She didn't eat anything this morning．I didn't eat anything，either． She didn't eat anything this morning， neither ／nor did I． ［直击中考］ 26. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating，too．（2002广州市） Jim wants to go boating，and ____________ _____________ his parents． | |||||