在被动语态中要注意的问题

一、一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：

A.      The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.

       The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.

B.       I saw him enter the house.

       He was seen to enter the house by me.

C.       The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.

       They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.

D.      We hear her sing in the room every day.

       She is heard to sing in the room every day.

[注意]当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：

　　   I saw him going into the shop.(主动)

       He was seen going into the shop.(被动)                                                 

使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表

除此之外还有listen to sb do sth(初二课本).

二、含有短语的被动语态结构。

　　一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：

（1）、及物动词+副词 如：

    turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give back 、 work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等

（2）、不及物动词+介词 如：look after  talk about  play with等

（3）、“动词+名词+介词” 构成的短语。如：take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。

请看下面的例子：

①They set up the factory in 2000.

      The factory was set up in 2000.

②Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December.

      The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.

③People have talked about the accident much lately.

      The accident has been talked about much lately.

④You should pay more attention to your study this year.

      Your study should be paid more attention to this year.

(带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。)

三、带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：

give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send, show等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭，要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for. (直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人)，它们的句型主要有以下几个：

①give sth to sb=give sb sth           ②buy sth for sb=buy sb sth

③sell sth to sb=sell sb sth             ④take sth to sb=take sb sth

⑤bring sth to sb=bring sb sth                 ⑥make sth for sb=make sb sth

⑦hand sth to sb=hand sb sth                  ⑧pass sth to sb=pass sb sth

⑨keep sth for sb=keep sb sth                 ⑩send sth to sb=send sb sth

11sing sb a song=sing a song for sb

例：

①He passed me some paper.(主动)

  Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动）

②You must keep some fruit for him.(主动)

  Some fruit must be kept for him.（被动）

四、关于“阻止某人做某事”三个句型的主被动结构：

   换句话来说，在被动语态中这三个句型中的from都不能省略。  

五、主动表被动的情况：

　 （1）、有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如果和表示行为方式的状语连用，其主语用的又是指物的词时，它的主动形式已经包含了被动意义，习惯上不再用被动形式。这类动词主要有：write, open, clean, draw, keep, read, sell, smoke, cook, wash, go, burn, ride, pull, move, lock等。

This kind of pen writes well.

   （2）、不及物动词主动表被动。这类动词主要有：start, begin, stop, finish, end等。

The film started at 3:30.

（3）、连系动词be, sound, smell, look, feel, taste等.

    Your plan sounds good.   

六、带复合宾语的句子中，不可用宾语补足语作主语来变为被动语态。

We found him a clever boy.

各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表