初中英语复习点滴谈

               ——一般现在时的归纳与总结

     初中阶段英语共学习了八种时态，而一般现在时是学生在学习过程中感觉最不容易掌握的一种时态。针对这一现状，对一般现在时进行分析与讲解。

首先，可将一般现在时的结构分为以下几类：

一．     含有Be ( am / is / are ) 动词，其句型结构为：

1. 肯定句：主语 + Be ( am / is / are ) + 其他成分。如：

I’m a teacher.      You are a student.    He is a doctor.  It’s my car.

We are teachers.    You are students.     They are doctors.

This is an apple.     That’s his bike.     Here is a rose for you.

These are apples.  Those are their bikes.  Here are some roses for you.

2. 否定句：主语 + Be ( am / is / are ) + not + 其他成分。如:

I’m not a teacher. You aren’t a student. He isn’t a doctor. It isn’t my car.

We aren’t teachers.  You aren’t students.   They aren’t doctors.

This isn’t an apple.   That’s not his bike.   It isn’t my car.

These aren’t apples.  Those aren’t their bikes. They aren’t our cars.

3. 一般问句：Be ( am / is / are ) +主语 + 其他成分？如:

Is Jenny an American girl?  Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

Are you from Canada?  Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

Is that a Chinese car?  Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

Are these your shoes?  Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

注意：对于一般问句的回答，必须用人称代词。

二. There be 结构。

1.There is + a/an + 单数名词+ 其他成分。如：

There is a beautiful park in this city.

There is a bottle of orange juice in the fridge.

There is a desk and some books in the room.

2.There is +不可数名词+ 其他成分。如：

There is some meat on the plate.

There is a little bread in the bag.

There is little water in the lake.

3.There are + 复数名词+ 其他成分。如：

There are a lot of people in the park on Sunday.

There are some boys playing football on the playground.

There be 结构的否定句和一般问句变化较简单，就不再举例说明。一般问句的回答依然用There be 结构。

三. 含有情态动词的句型。

1．肯定句：主语 + 情态动词 + 原形动词 + 其他成分。如：

He can speak both English and Chinese.

You may finish the work next week.

They must do their homework at school now.

2．否定句：主语 + 情态动词 + not +原形动词+其他成分。如：

He can’t speak Japanese , and I can’t speak Japanese , either.

You mustn’t （不许） play football on the road.

They needn’t （不必） do their homework at school now.

 3．一般问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其他成分? 如：

May I come in? Yes, you may. / Sorry, you can’t.

Can you drive a car? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

Must they do their homework at school now?

Yes, they must. / No, they needn’t.

注意：以must 开头的问句，否定回答时要用needn’t。

四．行为动词。其句型结构为：

1．肯定句：主语 +原形动词/三单动词 + 其他成分。如：

I / You / We / They / My parents like listening to music.

He / She / Jenny /My father / Her friend likes listening to music.

2．否定句：主语 +助动词 don’t （其他人称） /doesn’t（第三人称单数）+原形动词+其他成分。如：

I / You / We / They / My parents don’t like listening to music.

He / She / Jenny /My father / doesn’t like listening to music.

3．一般问句：助动词 do /does +主语+原形动词+其他成分。如：

Do I / you / we / they/my parents like listening to music?

Yes, I / You / We / they do. / No, I / You / We / they don’t.

Does he / she / Jenny /my father / like listening to music?

Yes, He / She does. / No, He / She doesn’t.

注意：对于一般问句的回答，必须用人称代词。

通过归纳与讲解，学生的思路就清楚了。老师再将学生平时作业中出现的问题提出来，要求他们进行讨论，可通过以下形式进行：

改错：1. Jenny isn’t like milk.

(分析：这个句子既有be动词is又有行为动词，根据以上分类可知，be动词和行为动词不能出现在同一个句子中，根据句意本句中有行为动词，套用含行为动词的否定句结构应为：主语+助动词don’t （其他人称） /doesn’t（第三人称单数）+原形动词+其他成分。主语Jenny是第三人称单数，因此，本句应改为：Jenny doesn’t like milk.)

         2. Does Danny have a new computer? Yes, Danny does.

(分析：根据以上归纳的知识点可知：一般问句的回答，必须用人称代词。Danny是男性，第三人称单数，对应的人称代词是he, 因此，本句应改为：Does Danny have a new computer? Yes, he does.)

通过以上练习，学生会更进一步了解一般现在时的结构，从根本上解决存在的问题。

其次，讲解一般现在时的用法。在学生熟练掌握了一般现在时的结构后，再进入它的用法。一般现在时的用法可归为四类：

1．表示经常性，习惯性或永久性的动作。常与表示频度的时间状语sometimes, often, always等连用。如：

She often goes to school on foot. 他经常走路上学。

Danny likes playing basketball. 丹尼喜欢打篮球。

He lives in Xi’an. 他住在西安。

2.     客观真理，客观存在，科学史实。如：

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。

There is a library in our school. 我们学校有一个图书室。

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

I can speak Chinese and English. 我能说汉语和英语。

3.     在格言或警句中。如：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。

特别提示：2，3两种用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语动词也要用一般现在时。如：

Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。

4.     在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

I will call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿，就给你打电话。